Indus Civilization Timeline and Description

The Indus civilization (also known as the Harappan Civilization, the Indus-Sarasvati or Hakra Civilization and sometimes the Indus Valley Civilization) is one of the oldest societies we know of, including over 2600 known archaeological sites located along the Indus and Sarasvati rivers in Pakistan and India, an area of some 1.6 million square kilometers. The largest known Harappan site is Ganweriwala, located on the bank of the Sarasvati river. Timeline of the Indus Civilization Important sites are listed after each phase. Chalcolithic cultures 4300-3200 BCEarly Harappan 3500-2700 BC (Mohenjo-Daro, Mehrgarh, Jodhpura, Padri)Early Harappan/Mature Harappan Transition 2800-2700 BC (Kumal, Nausharo, Kot Diji, Nari)Mature Harappan 2700-1900 BC (Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, Shortgua, Lothal, Nari)Late Harappan 1900-1500 BC (Lothal, Bet Dwarka) The earliest settlements of the Harappans were in Baluchistan, Pakistan, beginning about 3500 BC. These sites are an independent outgrowth of Chalcolithic cultures in place in south Asia between 3800-3500 BC. Early Harappan sites built mud brick houses, and carried on long-distance trade.The Mature Harappan sites are located along the Indus and Sarasvati rivers and their tributaries. They lived in planned communities of houses built of mud brick, burnt brick, and chiseled stone. Citadels were built at sites such as Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, Dholavira and Ropar, with carved stone gateways and fortification walls. Around the citadels were an extensive range of water reservoirs. Trade with Mesopotamia, Egypt and the Persian gulf is in evidence between 2700-1900 BC. Indus Lifestyles Mature Harappan society had three classes, including a religious elite, a trading class class and the poor workers. Art of the Harappan includes bronze figures of men, women, animals, birds and toys cast with the lost was method. Terracotta figurines are rarer, but are known from some sites, as is shell, bone, semiprecious and clay jewelry.Seals carved from steatite squares contain the earliest forms of writing. Almost 6000 inscriptions have been found to date, although they have yet to be deciphered. Scholars are divided about whether the language is likely a form of Proto-Dravidian, Proto-Brahmi or Sanskrit. Early burials were primarily extended with grave goods; later burials were varied. Subsistence and Industry The earliest pottery made in the Harappan region was built beginning about 6000 BC, and included storage jars, perforated cylindrical towers and footed dishes. The copper/bronze industry flourished at sites such as Harappa and Lothal, and copper casting and hammering were used. Shell and bead making industry was very important, particularly at sites such as Chanhu-daro where mass production of beads and seals is in evidence.The Harappan people grew wheat, barley, rice, ragi, jowar, and cotton, and raised cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats and chickens. Camels, elephants, horses, and asses were used as transport. Late Harappan The Harappan civilization ended between about 2000 and 1900 BC, resulting from a combination of environmental factors such as flooding and climatic changes, tectonic activity, and the decline of trade with western societies.   Indus Civilization Research Archaeologists associated with the Indus Valley Civilizations include R.D. Banerji, John Marshall, N. Dikshit, Daya Ram Sahni, Madho Sarup Vats, Mortimer Wheeler. More recent work has been conducted by B.B. Lal, S.R. Rao, M.K. Dhavalikar, G.L. Possehl, J. F. Jarrige, Jonathon Mark Kenoyer, and Deo Prakash Sharma, among many others at the National Museum in New Delhi. Important Harappan Sites Ganweriwala, Rakhigarhi, Dhalewan, Mohenjo-Daro, Dholavira, Harappa, Nausharo, Kot Diji, and Mehrgarh, Padri. Sources An excellent source for detailed information of the Indus civilization and with lots of photographs is Harappa.com. For information on the Indus Script and Sanskrit, see Ancient Writing of India and Asia. Archaeological sites (both on About.com and elsewhere are compiled in Archaeological Sites of the Indus Civilization. A brief Bibliography of the Indus Civilization has also been compiled.

Pursuing Graduate Study with the Rotary Ambassadorial...

My primary goal in pursuing graduate study is to build upon the foundation that was laid during my undergraduate studies in order to prepare for a career in policy analysis. I have decided to pursue an advanced degree in Economics due to my past coursework, internships, and research experiences. In particular, I want to conduct research in health economics and policy because I feel that it combines many of my interests, such as policy impact, health care, and the global experience. If provided the opportunity to participate in the Rotary Ambassadorial Scholarship Program, I would gain perspective and skills that would prove invaluable when working to improve the well being of the global community. Ultimately, I plan to use my knowledge†¦show more content†¦Before my time abroad, I found that it was very easy to become caught up in the trivial aspects of life and forget to be grateful for the opportunities readily available to me. Suffering, poverty, and oppression are common in parts of the world and while I may never fully understand what people who face these challenges go through on a daily basis, I feel that it is important to utilize my education and experience to help alleviate these stresses on the global community. I wholeheartedly believe that continuing my education and working with the professionals at an institution abroad will provide me with the knowledge and experience to obtain a meaningful position in the Health Economics and Policy arena. I believe that in order to better serve the global community, I need to expand my knowledge of Economics, specifically as it pertains to global development and policy. While developing countries are the ones that will need my expertise, it is impossible that they will truly benefit unless I am able to receive the caliber of training that the London School of Economics or Cardiff University offer. Having the opportunity to study under the best in my field will allow me to receive the training that will prepare me to enter a developing country; evaluate the current conditions, make an assessment, and propose a course of action. Universities in Spain and Chile would also be a good fit for

History and Future Trends in Smartphone Technology

Introduction The recent advancements in technology has made such an impact on the society that most of the people have the tendency to carry their cell phone 24 hours a day and 7 days a week. They do not prefer to leave their home without their cell phone and the time they tend to spend in their home is mainly spent on their computer and thus both the computer and cell phone has become their best friend. This is the reason why the Smartphone technology has become a life-changing piece of technology for most of the individuals (Aldhaban, 2012). The Smartphone provides them with all-in-one portable device that strives to integrate the functions of a cell phone together with the functions of a computer. The report mainly focuses upon the history of Smartphone technology, the impact of Smartphone technology on the society, future prediction of the Smartphone technology and its impact on ICT professionalism issues that include the ethics, security and privacy. History of Smartphone Technology Smartphone can be considered as a relatively new piece of technology and with the passage of time the Smartphone are being introduced loaded with several new features. The evolution has been described below: 1992 IBM invented the first Smartphone nicknamed Simon and was loaded with features like email services, touch screen, address book, calculator and calendar. 1996 Series of Smartphone were launched by Nokia which were looked upon as a cross between a cell phone and a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA). 2000 R380 was launched by Ericson which was a touch screen Smartphone that used Symbian operating system. 2002 Blackberry was launched with its email services and QWERTY keypad and was loaded with various features that included MP3 player, camera and wireless technology. Again it also popularized the exchange email. 2005 Sony Ericson launched the N-series Smartphone targeted towards the business people since it was loaded with computing capabilities. 2007 Apple iPhone was introduced with massive app store. 2008 Android operating system was introduced in the market which was supported by developers like HTC, Google and various other developers. Now The major players in the market are continuously introducing new and updated version of the Smartphone with main focus upon offering high internet speeds. The main features of the Smartphone that are widely appreciated by the individuals include Push Email services, Exchange that provide assistance in updating the information once and having it shown up on the other devices that are used by the individuals, the ActiveSync and many others. These features provide assistance to the people to access their emails and conduct their business while they are on their go. Positive Impact of Smartphone Technology on Society With the rapid progress of the individuals into the uncertainty of future, it is observed that people are becoming more and more technology savvy and it is mostly observed in the younger generation of the society (Joo Sang, 2013). Something new is introduced in the market every now and then and thus the dynamic nature of technology is progressing on a continuous basis that has made the Smartphone a symbol of modern identity. While focusing upon the impact of Smartphone technology on the society it can be said that it has led to an increase in social networking. Even though social networking sites like Facebook and MySpace exited before the introduction of first Smartphone but the essence of social networking was felt when the various Smartphone apps made it possible for the users to share the news and events, update their statuses and use the information shared by the others from the portability of mobile system. Thus the individuals with the help of Smartphone technology and social media have learned to execute the things at the right time. Thus the integration of Smartphone and Social Media strives to offer: An enhanced way to communicate with others. Exposure on a global scale. Business development. Career and learning growth In addition to the above facts, the diverse applications of the Smartphone also help the individuals to keep a track of their daily lives and thus they can rely on their Smartphone to make them wake up from the sleep which can be looked upon as a much better and sophisticated programmable alarms in comparison to the traditional alarm clocks. On the other hand the nifty reminders and the To-Do list apps also keeps on reminding the individuals regarding what is important (Xu et al., 2011). It has made the lives of the individuals easier by introducing a shift in the paradigm from using traditional pen and paper system of recording the data to recording the data with the help of the Smartphone technology. So these features are used by the business professionals to remind them of their important seminars and meetings. Again the Smartphone has also transformed the individuals into avid readers. The individuals are no longer required to carry the bundles of books and magazines or stay tuned to get the latest headlines. The individuals can easily access the various magazines and news headlines with the help of the applications of the Smartphone technology. The SIM powered phablets and tablets that make use of the Smartphone technology facilitate the individuals with wider screens to read the stuffs. The Smartphone technology strives to provide the individuals with high speed internet connectivity with the help of which the individuals keep themselves updated with the changes that take place in almost all the spheres. Irrespective of the fact that whether an individual is a businessman who seeks latest information on stocks and shares or a science-savvy student who seeks the latest pierces of information that have been released by NASA, the Smartphone technology has an application that can serve the i ndividual purposes. The Smartphone devices also facilitate the individuals to book their air/rail tickets in a hassle free manner. Again the rapid digitization in almost all the fields of the modern life has been possible due to networking and the benefits of networking have been multiplied with the help of the mobile internet connectivity. The Smartphone technology and the devices have made the lives of people easier and comfortable and has also improved the living standards of the individuals. Thus it can be inferred that the Smartphone technology leads to a change in human psychology and thus the individuals are becoming more social organisms. This has led to discovery of the latent Hive Mentality among the individuals (Luxton et al., 2011). The recent advancements in neuroscience also provide evidences of this kind of mentality among the individuals where the group of human beings are advancing towards the state of being a super-organism. Future Prediction of Smartphone Technology Observing the rapid advancements that are taking place in technology it can be predicted that super smart Artificial Intelligence would make the Smartphone even more powerful than today for business purposes. The future predictions have been described below: Surroundings Analysis At present the Smartphone can connect to a Bluetooth signal and thus stream the audio to the car but in the coming 30 years the phones are going to become more self aware. As for example the phones would connect to the thermostat and thus the temperature would be adjusted according to the preference of the individual. It would also help in gaining instant information regarding the available connections, the hotel bill and the weather. Information Recording In the future it can be predicted that the Smartphone would morph into digital recorders that would record every place, events and experiences. As for example when an individual would walk into a conference room, the sensors in the Smartphone would tap into the phones of other individuals preset at the conference and thus record their names, professional experiences and their recent travels. Again the Artificial Intelligence would know what the individual want to record and thus would perform the action without the intervention of the individual. Familiarizing the world The Smartphone help the individuals to understand the world around them but in the future it would go much further as a intelligent agent of learning. The individual would speak into their phone and it would translate it into any language in real time. There are some apps that perform the action at present but they do not function properly. The phone would have an idea of the preferences of the individual and thus would connect them to the neighbourhood services. As for example if an individual likes soccer then the phone would let the individual know about the city that has recently improved a soccer field in the nearby area. Associating with others In the future it is predicted that the Smartphone would scan the people with same mentality and it would facilitate the individual to hold multiplayer matches with the nearby gamers. The future Smartphone would gamify the situation on the preference of the individual. In addition it can also be predicted that the Smartphone would also become paper thin ad would charge wirelessly and the individuals would be capable of projecting a high definition screen on a wall to enjoy a bigger screen. Impact of Smartphone Technology on ICT Professionalism Issues that include Ethics, Privacy and Security It has been observed that even though the Smartphone technology has enhanced the lives of the individuals and has improved the living standards but it also has some negative impacts taking into consideration the factors like privacy and security of ICT professionalism. With the emergence of Smartphone, the individuals tend to store their personal data and information in their cell phone and also conduct their business transactions over their phone (Kratzke Cox, 2012). So this may put their privacy and security at risk as the information may be hacked by the cyber criminals. Again since the individuals tend to carry their phone with them at all times it may get lost and stolen which may put the individuals at risk. On the other hand it becomes important on the part of the ICT professionals to be ethical in the operation of their business. So with the emergence of Smartphone technology, it has lead to an increased pressure on the part of the IT security specialists to take care of the valuable data since they are responsible for keeping all the technology within their company secure from cyber attacks. The cyber attacks are targeted towards collecting private and personal information and gain control over the internal systems. Thus since the Smartphone are being used by a large number of individuals the pressure on the IT professionals to maintain the privacy and security of the data and information is increasing on a continuous basis. On the other hand the use of various Smartphone apps by the individuals facilitate these applications to have an access to the personal information of the individuals through all or nothing permissions model where the users have to agree to a set of requested permissions to allow an access to the information and resources of the individual on the phone. These models lack transparency and also pose barriers to effective privacy regulation and poses threat towards valuable information of the individuals being hacked. Conclusions Thus from the above discussion it can be concluded that Smartphone technology have changed the way people function and it is very rare to find someone without a Smartphone in his or her hand. So this technology has not only helped the individuals to lead an easier and hassle free life but has also improved their living standards. With the integration of Smartphone, internet and social networking sites the world is becoming more and more connected on a continuous basis and the rapid advancements in technology also acts as a catalyst (Kim, 2008).. But again with the rapid increase in the use of Smartphone technology on the part of the individuals and digitization of the various departments have made the lives of the individuals easy but it also tends to pose the risk of information privacy and security due to increase in the cases of cyber crimes. But again the IT professionals who are responsible to maintain the security and privacy of the data are continuously striving toward formula ting ways to prevent these crimes and protect the individuals from such cyber attacks and help them to enjoy the features and facilities that are provided by the Smartphone technology. History and Future Trends in Smartphone Technology Introduction The recent advancements in technology has made such an impact on the society that most of the people have the tendency to carry their cell phone 24 hours a day and 7 days a week. They do not prefer to leave their home without their cell phone and the time they tend to spend in their home is mainly spent on their computer and thus both the computer and cell phone has become their best friend. This is the reason why the Smartphone technology has become a life-changing piece of technology for most of the individuals (Aldhaban, 2012). The Smartphone provides them with all-in-one portable device that strives to integrate the functions of a cell phone together with the functions of a computer. The report mainly focuses upon the history of Smartphone technology, the impact of Smartphone technology on the society, future prediction of the Smartphone technology and its impact on ICT professionalism issues that include the ethics, security and privacy. History of Smartphone Technology Smartphone can be considered as a relatively new piece of technology and with the passage of time the Smartphone are being introduced loaded with several new features. The evolution has been described below: 1992 IBM invented the first Smartphone nicknamed Simon and was loaded with features like email services, touch screen, address book, calculator and calendar. 1996 Series of Smartphone were launched by Nokia which were looked upon as a cross between a cell phone and a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA). 2000 R380 was launched by Ericson which was a touch screen Smartphone that used Symbian operating system. 2002 Blackberry was launched with its email services and QWERTY keypad and was loaded with various features that included MP3 player, camera and wireless technology. Again it also popularized the exchange email. 2005 Sony Ericson launched the N-series Smartphone targeted towards the business people since it was loaded with computing capabilities. 2007 Apple iPhone was introduced with massive app store. 2008 Android operating system was introduced in the market which was supported by developers like HTC, Google and various other developers. Now The major players in the market are continuously introducing new and updated version of the Smartphone with main focus upon offering high internet speeds. The main features of the Smartphone that are widely appreciated by the individuals include Push Email services, Exchange that provide assistance in updating the information once and having it shown up on the other devices that are used by the individuals, the ActiveSync and many others. These features provide assistance to the people to access their emails and conduct their business while they are on their go. Positive Impact of Smartphone Technology on Society With the rapid progress of the individuals into the uncertainty of future, it is observed that people are becoming more and more technology savvy and it is mostly observed in the younger generation of the society (Joo Sang, 2013). Something new is introduced in the market every now and then and thus the dynamic nature of technology is progressing on a continuous basis that has made the Smartphone a symbol of modern identity. While focusing upon the impact of Smartphone technology on the society it can be said that it has led to an increase in social networking. Even though social networking sites like Facebook and MySpace exited before the introduction of first Smartphone but the essence of social networking was felt when the various Smartphone apps made it possible for the users to share the news and events, update their statuses and use the information shared by the others from the portability of mobile system. Thus the individuals with the help of Smartphone technology and social media have learned to execute the things at the right time. Thus the integration of Smartphone and Social Media strives to offer: An enhanced way to communicate with others. Exposure on a global scale. Business development. Career and learning growth In addition to the above facts, the diverse applications of the Smartphone also help the individuals to keep a track of their daily lives and thus they can rely on their Smartphone to make them wake up from the sleep which can be looked upon as a much better and sophisticated programmable alarms in comparison to the traditional alarm clocks. On the other hand the nifty reminders and the To-Do list apps also keeps on reminding the individuals regarding what is important (Xu et al., 2011). It has made the lives of the individuals easier by introducing a shift in the paradigm from using traditional pen and paper system of recording the data to recording the data with the help of the Smartphone technology. So these features are used by the business professionals to remind them of their important seminars and meetings. Again the Smartphone has also transformed the individuals into avid readers. The individuals are no longer required to carry the bundles of books and magazines or stay tuned to get the latest headlines. The individuals can easily access the various magazines and news headlines with the help of the applications of the Smartphone technology. The SIM powered phablets and tablets that make use of the Smartphone technology facilitate the individuals with wider screens to read the stuffs. The Smartphone technology strives to provide the individuals with high speed internet connectivity with the help of which the individuals keep themselves updated with the changes that take place in almost all the spheres. Irrespective of the fact that whether an individual is a businessman who seeks latest information on stocks and shares or a science-savvy student who seeks the latest pierces of information that have been released by NASA, the Smartphone technology has an application that can serve the i ndividual purposes. The Smartphone devices also facilitate the individuals to book their air/rail tickets in a hassle free manner. Again the rapid digitization in almost all the fields of the modern life has been possible due to networking and the benefits of networking have been multiplied with the help of the mobile internet connectivity. The Smartphone technology and the devices have made the lives of people easier and comfortable and has also improved the living standards of the individuals. Thus it can be inferred that the Smartphone technology leads to a change in human psychology and thus the individuals are becoming more social organisms. This has led to discovery of the latent Hive Mentality among the individuals (Luxton et al., 2011). The recent advancements in neuroscience also provide evidences of this kind of mentality among the individuals where the group of human beings are advancing towards the state of being a super-organism. Future Prediction of Smartphone Technology Observing the rapid advancements that are taking place in technology it can be predicted that super smart Artificial Intelligence would make the Smartphone even more powerful than today for business purposes. The future predictions have been described below: Surroundings Analysis At present the Smartphone can connect to a Bluetooth signal and thus stream the audio to the car but in the coming 30 years the phones are going to become more self aware. As for example the phones would connect to the thermostat and thus the temperature would be adjusted according to the preference of the individual. It would also help in gaining instant information regarding the available connections, the hotel bill and the weather. Information Recording In the future it can be predicted that the Smartphone would morph into digital recorders that would record every place, events and experiences. As for example when an individual would walk into a conference room, the sensors in the Smartphone would tap into the phones of other individuals preset at the conference and thus record their names, professional experiences and their recent travels. Again the Artificial Intelligence would know what the individual want to record and thus would perform the action without the intervention of the individual. Familiarizing the world The Smartphone help the individuals to understand the world around them but in the future it would go much further as a intelligent agent of learning. The individual would speak into their phone and it would translate it into any language in real time. There are some apps that perform the action at present but they do not function properly. The phone would have an idea of the preferences of the individual and thus would connect them to the neighbourhood services. As for example if an individual likes soccer then the phone would let the individual know about the city that has recently improved a soccer field in the nearby area. Associating with others In the future it is predicted that the Smartphone would scan the people with same mentality and it would facilitate the individual to hold multiplayer matches with the nearby gamers. The future Smartphone would gamify the situation on the preference of the individual. In addition it can also be predicted that the Smartphone would also become paper thin ad would charge wirelessly and the individuals would be capable of projecting a high definition screen on a wall to enjoy a bigger screen. Impact of Smartphone Technology on ICT Professionalism Issues that include Ethics, Privacy and Security It has been observed that even though the Smartphone technology has enhanced the lives of the individuals and has improved the living standards but it also has some negative impacts taking into consideration the factors like privacy and security of ICT professionalism. With the emergence of Smartphone, the individuals tend to store their personal data and information in their cell phone and also conduct their business transactions over their phone (Kratzke Cox, 2012). So this may put their privacy and security at risk as the information may be hacked by the cyber criminals. Again since the individuals tend to carry their phone with them at all times it may get lost and stolen which may put the individuals at risk. On the other hand it becomes important on the part of the ICT professionals to be ethical in the operation of their business. So with the emergence of Smartphone technology, it has lead to an increased pressure on the part of the IT security specialists to take care of the valuable data since they are responsible for keeping all the technology within their company secure from cyber attacks. The cyber attacks are targeted towards collecting private and personal information and gain control over the internal systems. Thus since the Smartphone are being used by a large number of individuals the pressure on the IT professionals to maintain the privacy and security of the data and information is increasing on a continuous basis. On the other hand the use of various Smartphone apps by the individuals facilitate these applications to have an access to the personal information of the individuals through all or nothing permissions model where the users have to agree to a set of requested permissions to allow an access to the information and resources of the individual on the phone. These models lack transparency and also pose barriers to effective privacy regulation and poses threat towards valuable information of the individuals being hacked. Conclusions Thus from the above discussion it can be concluded that Smartphone technology have changed the way people function and it is very rare to find someone without a Smartphone in his or her hand. So this technology has not only helped the individuals to lead an easier and hassle free life but has also improved their living standards. With the integration of Smartphone, internet and social networking sites the world is becoming more and more connected on a continuous basis and the rapid advancements in technology also acts as a catalyst (Kim, 2008).. But again with the rapid increase in the use of Smartphone technology on the part of the individuals and digitization of the various departments have made the lives of the individuals easy but it also tends to pose the risk of information privacy and security due to increase in the cases of cyber crimes. But again the IT professionals who are responsible to maintain the security and privacy of the data are continuously striving toward formula ting ways to prevent these crimes and protect the individuals from such cyber attacks and help them to enjoy the features and facilities that are provided by the Smartphone technology.

Essay on Develop Organizational Marketing Objectives

Question: Write an essay on "Develop Organizational Marketing Objectives". Answer: 1. Introduction: Setting proper marketing objectives are one of the major ways for rendering success of an organization. With the gradual progress of civilization, the taste and trends of people are changing day-by-day. Therefore, the business organizations have to develop their marketing goals and objectives in order to meet the needs and demands of the customers. Marketing objectives help to fix a particular business goal. As per the goal of a business organization, the employees have directed and encouraged to step ahead. While setting a particular goal both the business managers and the employees get a clear way how to reach the target. This particular study is primarily concerned about the marketing objective strategies and policies of Zamtas (zamtas.com.au 2016). Zamtas is one of the most popular market leading companies occupying a predominant place for designing and supplying the energy efficient lights. Automation products and the solar system have also been supplied from this particular org anization. This particular study has aimed to discuss on the market performance, market review, opportunities and threats, various risk factors of Zamtas to create a market demands of their products. 2. Strategic Direction: Mission, vision and purpose value of Zamtas: Zamtas is popularly known for its environmentally effective products in order to fulfill the requirements of Australian customers. Apart from Australia, the people of Asia and Middle East as well intend to use the service of and products of Zamtas. This particular organization is endowed with high quality of professional teams, efficient managers, competent engineers as well as technical staffs and so on. While providing a complete product solution, Zamtas intends to give a technical supports as well (Boone and Kurtz 2013). The LED products this organization mainly focuses to supply include LED outdoor lights, streetlights, solar street lights. Among the solar system facilities Zamtas primarily deals with Solar home system, solar PV modules, Inverters, Solar LED warning lights and so many. As per the organizational as well as management structure, Zamtas has aimed to expand their business beyond going the Australian boundary. Therefore, the marketing strategies and policies that have been formed on behalf of the organization are for the customers of multinational countries rather Situation Analysis: However, before setting the marketing objectives the marketing managers have decided to conduct a situation analysis of the market of Zamtas products in order to understand the current needs and demand of the customers (Castronovo, and Huang 2012). The situation analysis includes evaluating the political, economic, socio-cultural and technological factors that have a major affects on the organizational performance. PEST Analysis Description Political Political factors mainly determine how the business regulations and acts have a greater impact on the success of a business organization. Government taxation and policies have a major role to mould the shape of a business organization. In case of Zamtas, the business experts tend to follow some of the major regulations inside the organization strictly. In addition, this particular organization has drawn the attention of Australian government by maintaining all the government tax policies as well as regulation. Economic Zamtas has already spread their wings in different Australian countries. Australia being a developed country is possessed with a sound economical strength. Therefore, this organization has aimed to reach the target market of both premium consumers as well as low cost consumers. Socio-cultural While circulating their products in different countries of Australia and Asia, Zamtas intends to draw the attention of people from various social and cultural backgrounds. Technological Australia is very advanced in technology. Therefore, Zamtas tends to set their marketing objectives to reach the customers by utilizing advanced technology such as electronic media, new media, surveillance system and so many. Table 1: PEST Analysis (Source: Chaffey, Smith and Smith 2012) Strategic communication plan: Zamtas has formed their strategic communication plan in such a way that the organization can draw the attention of people from different geographical boundary. By maintaining a certain ethics, values and culture inside the organization, the services providers have been strictly instructed to treat every employee with equal respect and dignity (Hollensen 2015). Providing advertising with the help of media, by maintaining effective public relation, by maintaining a balance between demands and supply, Zamtas has made their strategic communication plan to reach the maximum number of customers. 3. Review Marketing Performance: Initially Zamtas primary concern was to deal with the LED lighting only. Architectural LED lights, LED Street lighting, Roadway lights, car park lights, flood lights, Pathway lights and so many were the primary focus of this organization. Gradually, the market analysts of Zamtas have observed that people are providing a huge response from different corners of the country like Australia. After that, the management along with the staff members has decided to enlarge the entire business process of Zamtas. Along with the LED lighting products, the organization decides to expand their business by providing automation products, traffic system products, solar solution and so many. Before expanding their business, Zamtas has already conducted a market evaluation strategy by executing a SWOT analysis (Kumar and Mirchandani 2012). With the help of SWOT analysis, the business experts have come to know their strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats for launching these products and services . SWOT Analysis Description Strength v Zamtas has already built a business reputation by providing an excellent service of their LED products. v Performance management system has been implemented within the business. With the help of performance management system, both the mangers and the employees take part in decision-making process. v As a result, the employees are clear about the business goal and services Weakness v In comparison to the departments of various products the number of employees in Zamtas is limited v Lack of sufficient internal resource is one of the strongest weaknesses of a company Opportunity v After expanding the business process, Zamtas has a huge opportunity to launch their product beyond going their home country. Apart from Australia, the organization has already expanded their business in Asia. v By utilizing the popularity of media, this particular organization can have the opportunity to enter into the international market. Threat v Competitors market strategy is the major threat for this business organization. Table 2: SWOT analysis (Source: Ogunmokun and Tang 2012) 4. Marketing opportunity scope: Cost-benefit is a systematic approach with the help of which the strengths and weakness of alternatives can satisfy the transaction of business. Cost benefits analysis has generally been conducted in order to understand the reliability of sound investment. Before launching new products, the organization such as Zamtas likes to conduct a market analysis. Cost benefit is one of the major parts of analyzing the market opportunity (Solomon 2014). Before launching more products within the market, Zamtas marketing managers have analyzed the cost benefit effects. LED lighting has rendered an immense success and achievement for the organization like Zamtas. As per the market review result cost benefit analysis, the organization has decided to deal with more products for drawing the attention of a large number of customers throughout the world. In addition, before launching a particular product the business organizations like to analyze the risk factors in different ways. For an example, Zamtas before launching the product like inverter has made an effective risk analyzing factors. Australia being a well developed country is possessed with good electricity supply. As a result, the customers do not show their interest to purchase inverters (Wilson and Gilligan 2012). This product is not devoid of risk factors. In this situation, the managers have decided to change the target market of this particular product. People of remote areas having suffered from intense electricity problem need inverter. Therefore, the company should promote their products in those areas for drawing the attention of those customers. 5. Formulations of marketing objectives: Formulation of marketing objectives mainly aims to forecast the future needs of the business organization like Zamtas for fulfilling the customer satisfaction. While expanding the entire business process in various multinational countries, the organizations such as Zamtas has to formulate their marketing objectives to meet the customers change of tastes (Solomon 2014). However, in the formulation of marketing objectives the primary goals of Zamtas are: To conduct clear market segmentation based on the demographical, geographical and psychographic in order to segregate the target market as per the products and services. LED light is very much essential for both urban and sub-urban people. On the other hand, inverter is only necessary for the people of suburban areas To implement the risk management within business process very strictly so that the business experts can take an immediate precaution to overcome the sudden crisis 6. Conclusion: The entire study deals with the importance of making effective marketing objectives in order to render the success of a business process. Zamtas has been chosen as the selected company. The entire study has focused to highlight the strategic directions, missions, visions and the purposes of the organization. While launching various kinds of products, this organization has conducted an effective market analysis to know the strength, weakness, opportunities and threats. In addition, different environmental factors affecting the rhythm of business process have also been discussed throughout the entire study. Reference List: Boone, L. and Kurtz, D., 2013.Contemporary marketing. Cengage Learning. Castronovo, C. and Huang, L., 2012. Social media in an alternative marketing communication model.Journal of Marketing Development and Competitiveness,6(1), p.117. Chaffey, D., Smith, P.R. and Smith, P.R., 2012.eMarketing eXcellence: Planning and optimizing your digital marketing. Routledge. Hollensen, S., 2015.Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Kumar, V. and Mirchandani, R., 2012. 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